Step 1: Cook the Pasta and Broccoli : Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add pasta and cook until just al dente (about 1–2 minutes less than package directions). During the last 2 minutes of cooking, add the broccoli florets. Drain and set aside.
Step 2: Prepare the Alfredo Sauce : In a large skillet or saucepan, melt butter over medium heat. Add minced garlic and sauté until fragrant (about 30 seconds). Whisk in the flour to create a roux and cook for 1 minute. Gradually whisk in heavy cream and milk until smooth. Add Parmesan cheese, salt, pepper, and nutmeg. Stir until the sauce thickens and coats the back of a spoon.
Step 3: Combine Everything : In a large mixing bowl, combine cooked pasta, broccoli, and chicken. Pour the Alfredo sauce over the top and toss gently to coat evenly.
Step 4: Assemble the Bake : Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C). Lightly grease a 9x13-inch baking dish. Spread the mixture evenly in the dish. Top with mozzarella and Parmesan cheese (Optional) Mix breadcrumbs with melted butter and sprinkle on top for extra crunch.
Step 5: Bake : Bake uncovered for 25–30 minutes, or until bubbly and golden on top. Let rest for 5 minutes before serving.