Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook the pasta according to package instructions. Drain and set aside, reserving pasta water.
Season the sliced chicken with Italian seasoning, salt, and pepper.
Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add the chicken and cook for 5–7 minutes or until browned and cooked through. Remove and set aside.
In the same skillet, reduce heat to medium and melt the butter.
Add minced garlic and cook until fragrant, about 1 minute.
Pour in heavy cream and chicken broth. Stir to combine.
Add Parmesan cheese and stir until the sauce becomes creamy.
Add lemon zest and lemon juice, adjusting to your taste preference.
Stir in chopped basil and allow the sauce to simmer gently for 2–3 minutes.
Add the arugula and stir until slightly wilted.
Return the cooked chicken to the pan. Add the pasta and toss everything together.
Add a splash of pasta water if the sauce becomes too thick.
Taste and adjust with salt, pepper, or additional lemon.
Serve hot with extra Parmesan and fresh basil.