Prepare vegetables: Wash, peel, and chop all vegetables as needed. Rinse pearl barley well under cold water.
Layer in crockpot: Add carrots, celery, onion, garlic, zucchini, green beans, diced tomatoes, barley, herbs, bay leaf, salt, and pepper into the crockpot.
Add broth: Pour in vegetable broth and stir to combine.
Slow cook: Cover and cook on LOW for 6–8 hours or HIGH for 3–4 hours, until vegetables and barley are tender.
Finish: Remove the bay leaf. Stir in spinach or kale if using, and let wilt for 5–10 minutes. Adjust seasoning with salt, pepper, or a splash of lemon juice.