Prepare the Beans: If using dried beans, soak overnight in water. Drain and rinse before cooking.
Sear the Pork: In a large pot or Dutch oven, heat olive oil over medium-high heat. Add pork cubes and brown on all sides. Remove and set aside.
Sauté Vegetables: In the same pot, add onions, green bell pepper, and garlic. Sauté for 5–6 minutes until softened and fragrant.
Add Spices: Stir in cumin, oregano, smoked paprika, salt, and pepper. Cook for 1 minute to bloom the spices.
Combine Ingredients: Return pork to the pot. Add soaked black beans (or canned beans) and pour in water or broth. Add bay leaves.
Simmer the Soup: Bring to a boil, reduce heat, cover, and simmer for 1 hour (or until beans and pork are tender).
Adjust Flavor: Remove bay leaves. Taste and adjust salt, pepper, and add vinegar or lime juice if desired for brightness.
Serve: Ladle soup into bowls. Garnish with cilantro, avocado, lime wedges, and scallions. Serve with white rice if desired.