Step 1: Cook the Pasta : Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add penne pasta and cook according to package directions until al dente. During the last 3 minutes of cooking, add the broccoli florets to the same pot. Once cooked, reserve ¼ cup of pasta water and drain the rest. Set aside.

Step 2: Prepare the Lemon Garlic Sauce : In a large skillet or sauté pan, heat olive oil over medium heat. Add garlic and sauté for 1–2 minutes until fragrant (don’t let it burn). Add lemon zest and juice, then stir to combine. Season with salt, black pepper, and a pinch of red pepper flakes if desired.

Step 3: Combine Pasta and Sauce : Add the cooked pasta and broccoli to the skillet. Pour in the reserved pasta water to help the sauce coat the pasta evenly. Toss everything together for 2–3 minutes until the pasta absorbs the flavors. Sprinkle in Parmesan cheese and stir until creamy and well mixed.

Step 4: Taste and Adjust : Taste and adjust seasoning — add more lemon for brightness or Parmesan for richness. If you like it richer, stir in a small knob of butter before serving.