Step 1: Cook the Pasta : Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add penne pasta and cook according to package instructions until al dente. Reserve 1/2 cup of pasta water, then drain and set aside.

Step 2: Cook the Sausage : Heat 1 tbsp olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add the Italian sausage, breaking it into chunks or slices. Cook until browned and fully cooked (about 6–8 minutes). Remove sausage from the pan and set aside on a plate.

Step 3: Sauté the Vegetables : In the same skillet, add another 1 tbsp olive oil. Add sliced onions and bell peppers, sautéing until soft and lightly caramelized (6–8 minutes). Stir in the minced garlic and cook for another 1 minute until fragrant.

Step 4: Build the Sauce : Stir in crushed tomatoes, tomato paste, chicken broth (or pasta water), oregano, basil, and red pepper flakes. Return the cooked sausage to the skillet and stir to combine. Let the sauce simmer for 10–12 minutes, uncovered, until thickened and rich. Taste and adjust salt and pepper as needed.

Step 5: Combine Pasta and Sauce : Add the cooked penne pasta into the skillet with the sausage and peppers. Toss well until the pasta is evenly coated with sauce. Stir in Parmesan cheese and a splash of pasta water (if needed) for a silky finish.

Step 6: Garnish and Serve : Sprinkle with fresh parsley and extra Parmesan cheese before serving.