Cook the rice: Rinse rice under cold water until water runs clear. Cook rice in a rice cooker or stovetop until fluffy. Keep warm.
Steam the broccoli: Steam broccoli florets for 4–5 minutes until bright green and tender-crisp. Set aside and cover to keep warm.
Prepare the teriyaki sauce: In a small saucepan, combine soy sauce, honey, rice vinegar, garlic, and ginger. Bring to a simmer over medium heat. Stir in cornstarch slurry and cook until sauce thickens and becomes glossy. Remove from heat and stir in sesame oil if using.
Cook the salmon: Pat salmon fillets dry and season lightly with salt and pepper. Heat olive oil in a skillet over medium-high heat. Sear salmon fillets for 3–4 minutes per side, until golden and cooked through. Brush or spoon teriyaki sauce generously over the salmon. Allow to caramelize slightly.
Assemble the bowls: Divide rice into 4 serving bowls. Top each with a salmon fillet, steamed broccoli, and extra drizzle of teriyaki sauce. Garnish with sesame seeds, green onions, and lemon/lime wedges.